Brill E-Books

 The Demographic Challenge: A Handbook about Japan:

Contents

• • Preliminary Material (i-xx)   (163K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Contents
    • Acknowledgements
    • General Introduction
  • Introduction (1-4)   (94K)
  • Japan’s population growth during the past 100 years (5-24) by Makoto Atoh   (193K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The First Stage Of Demographic Transition
    • 3. The Second Stage Of Demographic Transition: The Fifteen Years After World War II
    • 4. The Era Of Population Bonus And High Economic Growth Rates
    • 5. The Era Of Declining Fertility Below Replacement Leve L— Towards A Hyper-Aged And Depopulating Society
    • References
  • Fertility and mortality (25-40) by Hans Dieter Ölschleger   (169K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introductory Remarks
    • 2. The Demographic Transition
    • 3. Mortality
    • 4. Fertility
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Statistical foundations of population projections (41-60) by Ryuichi Kaneko   (165K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Population Projection As Prediction
    • 3. Historical Overview Of Population Projection Techniques
    • 4. Methodology
    • 5. Models For Vital And Migratory Events
    • 6. New Population Projection For Japan
    • 7. Assumptions About Fertility Rates
    • 8. Mortality Assumption For Future Life Table
    • 9. Assumption Of International Migration Rate And Numbers
    • 10. Conclusion
    • References
  • Regional demographics (61-80) by Ralph Lützeler   (266K)
    • Jump to section:
    • References
  • Demographic comparisons with other countries with the emphasis on the more developed regions (81-96) by Shigemi Kono   (392K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Recent Demographic Situations In The More Developed Regions
    • 2. Population Decline And Population Size
    • 3. Fertility
    • 4. Mortality
    • 5. Population Structure And Population Ageing
    • 6. International Migration
    • 7. Conclusion
    • References
  • History of demography in Japan (97-118) by Matthias Koch   (189K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Demography And Modernisation
    • 3. Demography As A Scientific Field And Demographic Surveys As A Government Tool
    • 4. The Foundation Institute For Research Of Population Problems And The Institute Of Population Problems
    • 5. Demographic Research After World War II
    • 6. Conclusion
    • References
  • Introduction (119-124)   (72K)
  • Social ageing and the sociology of ageing (125-144) by Sepp Linhart   (181K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Social Ageing
    • 2. The Sociology Of Ageing/Old Age
    • 3. Pioneer Studies On The Ageing Society
    • 4. Studies On Social Ageing Since 1980
    • 5. Works By Non-Japanese Authors On The Sociology Of Ageing In Japan
    • References
  • Changing social concepts of age: Towards the active senior citizen (145-162) by Takeo Ogaw   (172K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Traditional Concepts Of Japanese Elderly People
    • 3. The Concept Of Seniority In The Era Of High Economic Growth
    • 4. Focusing On Concepts Of The Cared-For Elderly In An Ageing Society
    • 5. Transformation To An Active Role For Older People
    • 6. Shifting Concepts Of The Active Senior In A Depopulating Society
    • References
  • Ageing society and the transformation of work in the post-fordist economy (163-178) by Chikako Usui   (169K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Rapid Population Ageing
    • 2. Shift From A Fordist To A Post-Fordist Economy
    • 3. Women, Work, And Declining Fertility
    • 4. Conclusion
    • References
  • Engaging the generations: Age-integrated facilities (179-200) by Leng Leng Thang   (168K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Initiatives To Link The Generations
    • 3. Age-Integrated Facilities In Japan
    • 4. “Big Family” Kotoen
    • 5. Age-Integrated Community In Kodaira Elementary School
    • 6. The Potential Of Age-Integrated Facilities In Japan
    • References
  • Social change and caregiving of the elderly (201-216) by Susan Orpett Long   (148K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Introduction
    • 1. Changes In Family Caregiving
    • 2. The Incorporation Of Non-Family Care Providers Into Home Care
    • 3. Changing Meanings Of Elder Care
    • References
  • Income inequality in the ageing society (217-234) by Sawako Shirahase   (177K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Ageing Of Population And Income Inequality
    • 3. Did The Income Inequality Expand?
    • 4. Income Inequality And The Households With The Elderly
    • 5. Discussion
    • References
  • Changes in family structure (235-254) by Toshiko Himeoka   (240K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Introduction
    • 1. The Ie System And The “Modern Family”
    • 2. Families As Management Bodies Or Cooperative Living Systems
    • 3. The “Modern Family”
    • 4. The Decline Of The “Modern Family”
    • 5. Diversification And Democratization Of The Family
    • References
  • Changing family life cycle and partnership transition—gender roles and marriage patterns (255-276) by James M. Raymo and Miho Iwasawa   (190K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Trends In Family Format
    • 3. Attitudes Toward Marriage And Family
    • 4. Marriage And Gender Context
    • 5. Discussion
    • References
  • Child care in a low birth society (277-292) by Akiko S. Oishi   (166K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. The Situation Of Labour Force Participation Of Mothers In Japan
    • 2. Who Takes Care Of Children?
    • 3. Child-Care Systems In Japan
    • 4. Who Is Bearing The Child-Care Costs?
    • 5. Capacity Concern
    • 6. Quality Concern
    • 7. Recent Topics On Child-Care Policy
    • 8. Child Care In A Society With Fewer Children
    • References
  • Transcultural Society (293-316) by Stephen Murphy-Shigematsu and David Blake Willis   (184K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Globalization And Borderlands
    • 2. Transcultural Japan
    • 3. Being Other In Japan
    • 4. The Other In Japan: Globalization And Changing Ethnoscapes
    • 5. Contested Terrain: Transnational Japan
    • References
  • Introduction (317-322)   (107K)
  • Traditional concepts and images of old age in Japan (323-344) by Susanne Formanek   (199K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Hieratic Concepts Of Old Age
    • 3. Abandonment And Ostracism Of The Aged
    • 4. A History Of Negative Views Of Old Age
    • 5. The Ideal Of Disengagement And Leisurely Retirement
    • 6. Filial Piety
    • 7. Gender-Specific Views Of Old Age
    • 8. Conclusion
    • References
  • Notions of life, old age and death in ageing Japan (345-360) by Mayumi Sekizawa   (153K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Folklore Studies And Discussions Of Old Age
    • 2. Village Societies And The Role Of Elderly People
    • 3. Purpose In Life And Successors
    • 4. Elderly People In The Cities
    • References
  • Population decline, municipal amalgamation, and the politics of folk performance preservation in northeast Japan (361-386) by Christopher S. Thompson   (1M)
    • Jump to section:
    • Introduction
    • 1. State Mandated Amalgamations And Local Folk Preservation Funding
    • 2. The Great Heisei Era Amalgamation Initiative: A Depopulation Response
    • 3. Kagura In Northeast Japan And The Origin Of The Ishihatooka Tradition
    • 4. The Culture And Organization Of Sato Kagura
    • 5. The Political Economy Of Ishihatooka Kagura
    • 6. The Amalgamation Of Towa-Cho
    • 7. Ishihatooka Kagura In The New Hanamaki
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Ancestors, burial rites, and rural depopulation in Japan (387-396) by John W. Traphagan   (485K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Ancestor Veneration In Japan
    • 3. Lonely Ancestors
    • 4. Depopulation And Ancestor Veneration
    • 5. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Religion in Post-World War II Japan and social ageing (397-416) by Kenji Ishii   (313K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Japanese People’S Changing Religiosity
    • 2. Is The Religious Population Of Japan Really Two Hundred Million?
    • 3. Numbers Of Believers In Religious Organizations
    • 4. Household Religion And Individual Religion
    • 5. Faith No Longer Increases With Age
    • 6. Religiosity Of The Baby-Boomers
    • 7. How Are Religions And Religious Groups Perceived And Evaluated?
    • 8. Post-War Changes In Japanese People’S Religious Attitudes And Religious Behaviour
    • References
  • Coming of age: The courts and equality rights in Japan’s ageing society (417-454) by Craig Martin   (245K)
    • Jump to section:
    • The Premise: Increased Claims Of Discrimination
    • Equality Rights In Japan—Overview Of Sources
    • Equality Rights And Discrimination—The Legal Analysis
    • Recent And Future Application Of The Reasonableness Test
    • Why The Legal Test Matters
  • Coming to terms with age: Some linguistic consequences of population ageing (455-472) by Peter Backhaus   (180K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Age In Japanese: Some General Observations
    • 3. ‘I’M Not Your Grandma’: Addressing The Elderly
    • 4. From Seniority To Senility: Terms Referring To The Elderly
    • 5. CHIHL vs. NINCHISHL: In Search of Non-Discriminatory Language
    • 6. Conclusions
    • References
  • Population ageing and language change (473-490) by Fumio Inoue   (229K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Language Tradition And Language Change
    • 3. Linguistic Surveys Of Local Communities And Population Ageing
    • 4. Knowledge And Awareness In Opinion Polls
    • 5. Conclusions: Language Change And Population Ageing
    • References
  • Age and ageing in contemporary japanese literature (491-512) by Lisette Gebhardt   (184K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. The Theme Of Old Age In Contemporary Japanese Literature
    • 2. “Rice-Devouring Ghosts”: Age And Care As A Crisis Experience
    • 3. The Folklore Of Age Or Japanese Psychoarcheology
    • 4. Obsessive Old-Age Eroticism
    • 5. Generational Transition, Ageing, And Questions About Meaning
    • 6. Death Scenes, Death Initiation, And Posthumous Options
    • 7. Advice Literature And Old-Age Philosophical Discourse
    • 8. The “Nice Old Lady”? Old-Age Wisdom, Emancipation, And A Liberated Life-Sense
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Media use in the ageing society (513-530) by Nobuko Shiraishi   (242K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Television Viewership
    • 2. Media Use
    • 3. Media And The Ageing Society
  • Gendered age (531-546) by Sumiko Iwao   (161K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. The Importance That Gender Has According To Generation
    • 2. The Elderly
    • 3. Impoverished Elderly Women
    • 4. The Baby Boomers
    • 5. The Young
    • 6. Diversification Of Life Choices
    • References
  • Education in the aged society: The demographic challenge to japanese education (547-560) by Roger Goodman   (152K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Demographic Shift And The Challenge For Japanese Higher Education
    • 3. The Demographic Shift And The Development Of A New Idea Of Higher Education
    • References
  • Ageing Japan and the transmission of traditional skills and know-how (561-570) by Takanori Shintani   (130K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Three Waves Of Folkloric Transmission
    • The Advent Of The Grey Society
    • The Sites For The Transmission Of The Traditional Arts
    • Artisan Skills And Modern Technology
    • The Transmission Of Traditional Culture
    • References
  • Age-specific technology: A demographic challenge for design (571-578) by Fumihiko Satofuka   (108K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Physical Aspects Of Ageing
    • 3. Hearing
    • 4. Hand Function
    • 5. Mental Aspects Of Ageing
    • 6. Conclusions
    • References
  • Ageing tourists, ageing destinations: Tourism and demographic change in Japan (579-598) by Carolin Funck   (510K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Ageing Tourists
    • 2. Ageing Destinations
    • 3. Conclusions
    • References
  • Pastimes (599-612) by John Clammer   (143K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Patterns Of Leisure
    • 2. Ageing And Leisure In The Japanese Context
    • 3. Leisure And The Sociology Of Ageing In Japan
    • References
  • Sports and demographic change in Japan (613-632) by Wolfram Manzenreiter   (175K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Benefits Of Sport Participation In The Ageing Society
    • 3. Sport Policy For The Ageing Society
    • 4. Patterns Of Sport Participation In Ageing Japan
    • 5. The Silver Business Of Sport In The Greying Consumer Industry
    • 6. Concluding Observations
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Introduction (633-638)   (105K)
  • Demographics and the state (639-652) by Leonard Schoppa   (155K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Demography And The State During Wartime
    • 3. Demography And The State In The Early Post-War Years
    • 4. Demography And The State Since 1990
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Politics of old-age policy-making (653-666) by John Creighton Campbell   (152K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Building The Pension System: The 1950s
    • 3. The High Growth Era
    • 4. Consolidation
    • 5. Back To Expansion: Caring For Frail Older People
    • 6. Reform Again After The Bubble
    • 7. Conclusion
    • References
  • Political parties in an ageing society (667-688) by Paul Talcott   (175K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. How Do Parties Get Elected?
    • 3. How Do Parties Develop Policy?
    • 4. Major Governing And Opposition Political Parties Overview
    • 5. Origin And Constituency Of Major Political Parties
    • 6. Party Platforms Regarding Demographic Change
    • 7. Conclusion
    • References
  • Civil society roles in elderly care: A non-profit organization census (689-706) by David M. Potter   (164K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Npos And The Need For Elderly Care
    • 3. Npos And Elderly Care
    • 4. Npo Activities
    • 5. Aichi Prefecture: A Comparison
    • 6. Geographic Distribution Of Elderly Care Npos In Aichi
    • 7. Npo Organizational Structure
    • 8. Npos As Centres Of Senior Activity
    • 9. Conclusion
    • References
  • Neighbourhood associations and the demographic challenge (707-720) by Robert Pekkanen and Yutaka Tsujinaka   (163K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Neighbourhood Associations
    • 3. The Ageing Society
    • 4. Declining Fertility
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • “Induced” voluntarism: A new role for schools? (721-732) by Akihiro Ogawa   (154K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. HMshi [service] in the School Curriculum
    • 2. Volunteer Mobilization Programme
    • 3. Cultural Production Of Volunteer Subjectivity
    • 4. Policy Implications In An Ageing Society
    • References
  • Educational policy: Framework and challenges (733-748) by Susanne Kreitz-Sandberg   (152K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Literature Review On Educational Policy
    • 3. Changing Schools In Or For A Society With Fewer Children
    • 4. Measures For A Society With Fewer Children Within Education Policies
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Family policy: Framework and challenges (749-764) by LIV Coleman   (155K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Development Of Japanese Family Policies
    • 3. Looking Back, Looking Forward
    • References
  • Immigration policy: Framework and challenges (765-780) by Glenda S. Roberts   (216K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Current Migration Trends And Policy
    • 3. Population Decline And Response
    • 4. A New Basic Stance On Immigration?
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Infrastructural policy: Framework and challenges (781-798) by Thomas Feldhoff   (2M)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Traditional Framework Of Infrastructural Planning Policies
    • 3. The Demographic Challenge: Regional Population Projection Results
    • 4. Challenges And Prospects For Japan’S Infrastructural Policy
    • 5. Evaluation And Conclusion
    • References
  • Postal privatization and its implications for the ageing society (799-814) by Patricia L. Maclachlan   (156K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The History Of The Japanese Postal System
    • 3. Koizumi’S Reform Philosophy
    • 4. The Case Against Reform
    • 5. Koizumi’S Privatization Package
    • References
  • Introduction (815-820)   (114K)
  • Population ageing and economic growth: The role of two demographic dividends in Japan (821-840) by Naohiro Ogawa   (372K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Falling Fertility And Declining Population In Japan
    • 2. Age Structural Transformations And Two Demographic Dividends
    • 3. Utilization Of Resources Owned By The Elderly In The Twenty-First Century
    • 4. Concluding Remarks
    • References
  • Macroeconomic impact and public finance perspectives of the ageing society (841-860) by Akihiro Kawase and Seiritsu Ogura   (320K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Demographic Change And Social Security
    • 3. The Model
    • 4. Simulation Results
    • 5. Concluding Remarks
    • References
  • The impact of the ageing society on regional economies (861-878) by Volker Elis   (163K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Regional Population Change And Economic Development
    • 3. Does Demographic Change Lead To A Demand-Led Labour Market?
    • 4. Regional Effects Of A Labour Shortage
    • 5. Regional Policy Implications
    • 6. Prospects For Different Sectors And Industries
    • 7. Conclusion
    • References
  • A survey of household saving behaviour (879-898) by Charles Yuji Horioka   (188K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Do (Did) The Japanese Really Save A Lot?
    • 3. Why Did The Japanese Save So Much?
    • 4. Why Don’T The Japanese Save As Much Now?
    • 5. How Much Will The Japanese Save In The Future?
    • 6. Policy Implications
    • 7. Conclusions
    • References
  • The ageing society and economic inequality (899-920) by Fumio Ohtake   (474K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Degree Of Income Inequality In Japan
    • 3. Causes Of Income Inequality In Japan
    • 4. A Pyramiding Wage System?
    • 5. The Baby-Boom Generation And Wages
    • 6. Consumption Inequality
    • 7. Conclusion
    • References
  • Poverty among the elderly (921-932) by Hisashi Fukawa   (205K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Growing Inequality And Rising Poverty Among The Elderly In Japan
    • 3. Ageing And The Reality Of Inequality And Poverty
    • 4. Policies To Combat Poverty Among The Elderly
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Economic factors in the declining birth rate (933-946) by Naohiro Yashiro   (350K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Labour Market Reforms
    • 3. Efficient Supply Of Child-Care Services
    • 4. Conclusion
    • References
  • Labour market and labour market policies for the ageing society (947-962) by Hendrik Meyer-Ohle   (178K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Japan’S High Labour Force Participation Rate Among Older People
    • 3. Factors Underlying Japan’S High Participation Rate
    • 4. Policy Development
    • 5. Discussion And Conclusions
    • References
  • Gender dimensions of the ageing workforce (963-978) by Karen A. Shire   (321K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Gender Divide In Economic Security
    • 3. Cohort Dimensions Of The Gender Divide In Economic Security
    • 4. The Impasse In The Japanese Male Breadwinner Model
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • Human resource management practices and the ageing workforce (979-998) by Harald Conrad   (229K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Hrm Functions And The Ageing Labour Force
    • 3. Related Changes In The Social Policy Framework For Older Workers
    • 4. Conclusions And Outlook
    • References
  • The impact of the ageing of society on consumer behaviour and consumer markets (999-1016) by Hidehiko Sekizawa   (338K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. The Three Impacts Of Ageing On Consumer Behaviour
    • 2. Cultural Ageing: Getting Older Alters Values And Tastes
    • 3. Social Ageing: Retirement Leaves More Time For Consumption
    • 4. Physiological Ageing: The Effects Of Physical And Mental Decline On Consumption
    • 5. Ageing And The Consumer Market
    • 6. Life: The 30,000-Day Adventure
    • References
  • The ageing society and reactions of the automobile industry—A case study (1017-1032) by Andreas Moerke   (809K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Ageing Drivers As A Challenge For The Automobile Technology
    • 3. Technical Solutions For Elderly Drivers
    • 4. Fukushi Sharyō Welfare on Wheels
    • 5. Summary
    • References
  • Ageing and the social security system (1033-1048) by Ito Peng   (168K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Demographic Changes In Japan
    • 3. Social Security And Social Welfare Implications Of Population Ageing And Fertility Decline
    • 4. Conclusion: Demographic Ageing In Japan Within The Global Context
    • References
  • Providing care for the ageing society (1049-1064) by Naoki Ikegami   (153K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Historical Background
    • 3. Providing Care To The Elderly
    • 4. Closing Remarks
    • References
  • Guardianship for adults (1065-1076) by Makoto Arai   (153K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Background
    • 3. The Legislative Reform Process
    • 4. The New System Of Guardianship For Adults: An Overview
    • 5. The System Of Guardianship For Adults: An Assessment After Five Years
    • 6. Conclusion And Outlook
    • References
  • The public health-care system—A financial perspective (1077-1096) by Tetsuo Fukawa   (268K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. History Of The Health Insurance System In Japan
    • 2. Outline Of The Present Health Insurance System
    • 3. The Japanese Health-Care System From A Financial Perspective
    • References
  • The public pension system and the ageing society (1097-1114) by Takashi Oshio   (322K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Institutional Background And The 2004 Pension Reform
    • 3. Balance-Sheet Assessment Of The Public Pension System
    • 4. Related Issues
    • 5. Concluding Remarks
    • References
  • The search for more equitable pensions between generations (1115-1134) by Noriyuki Takayama   (266K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Pension Provisions Before The 2004 Reform
    • 3. Demography And Its Impact On Financing Social Security
    • 4. Current Problems Of Japan’S Public Pension System
    • 5. The 2004 Pension Reform: Main Reform Measures And Remaining Difficulties
    • 6. Intergenerational Equity Issues In Japan’S Social Security Pensions
    • 7. Future Policy Options For Securing Equity Between Generations
    • 8. Concluding Remarks
    • References
  • The restructuring of the corporate pension system (1135-1150) by Tomoyuki Kubo   (322K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Historical Overview Of The Corporate Pension System In Japan
    • 3. Recent Developments In The Corporate Pension System
    • 4. Issues Concerning The Future Of Corporate Pensions In Japan
    • 5. Conclusion
    • References
  • List of contributors (1151-1151)   (42K)
  • Index (1151-1199)   (310K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Index Of Authors Cited
    • Index Of Subjects